History of Microprocessor

A microprocessor is the heart, the soul as well as the brain of a computer. In fact, it is a computer in itself. The evolution of the microprocessor has been one of the greatest achievements of our civilization. A microprocessor is a single chip inte

Mississauga, Canada (prHWY.com) October 1, 2012 - A microprocessor is the heart, the soul as well as the brain of a computer. In fact, it is a computer in itself. The evolution of the microprocessor has been one of the greatest achievements of our civilization. A microprocessor is a single chip integrating all the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It includes all the logical functions, data storage, timing functions and interaction with other peripheral devices. In some cases, the terms 'CPU' and 'microprocessor' are used interchangeably to denote the same device. Like every genuine engineering marvel, the microprocessor too has evolved through a series of improvements throughout the 20th century. A brief history of the device along with its functioning is described below.

Its Working

It is the central processing unit which coordinates all the functions of a computer. It generates timing signals, sends and receives data to and from every peripheral used inside or outside the computer. The commands required to do this are fed into the device in the form of current variations which are converted into meaningful instructions by the use of a Boolean Logic System. It divides its functions in two categories, logical functions and processing functions. The arithmetic and logical unit and the control unit handle these functions respectively. The information is communicated through a bunch of wires called buses. The address bus carries the 'address' of the location with which communication is desired while the data bus carries the data that is being exchanged.

Types

There are different ways in which microprocessors are categorized. They are
* CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers)
* RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computers)
* VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word Computers)
* Super scalar processors
Other types of specialized processors are
* General Purpose Processor (GPP)
* Special Purpose Processor (SPP)
* Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
* Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
History and Its Evolution

The invention of the transistor in 1947 was a significant development in the world of technology. It could perform the function of a large component used in a computer in the early years. Shockley, Brattain and Bardeen are credited with this invention and were awarded the Nobel prize for the same. Soon it was found that the function this large component was easily performed by a group of transistors arranged on a single platform. This platform, known as the integrated chip (IC), turned out to be a very crucial achievement and brought along a revolution in the use of computers. A person named Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments was honored with the Nobel Prize for the invention of IC, which laid the foundation on which microprocessors were developed. At the same time, Robert Noyce of Fairchild made a parallel development in IC technology for which he was awarded the patent.


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